Francium carries what type of charge

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Rohrer, Gregory S. The largest amount ever collected of any isotope was a cluster of 10, atoms of francium created as an ultracold gas at Stony Brook in Francium is less stable than any other element lighter than nobelium , element [3] its most stable isotope, francium, has a half-life of less than 22 minutes.

By contrast, astatine , the next least stable element, has a maximum half-life of 8. Francium is an alkali metal whose chemical properties most resemble those of caesium. This coprecipitation can be used to isolate francium, by adapting the radiocaesium coprecipitation method of Glendenin and Nelson.

It will additionally coprecipitate with many other caesium salts, including the iodate , the picrate , the tartrate also rubidium tartrate , the chloroplatinate, and the silicotungstate. It also coprecipitates with silicotungstic acid, and with perchloric acid , without another alkali metal as a carrier, which provides other methods of separation.

Due to its instability and rarity [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] there are no commercial applications for francium. It has been used for research purposes in the fields of biology and of atomic structure. Its use as a potential diagnostic aid for various cancers has also been explored, [4] but this application has been deemed impractical.

Francium's ability to be synthesized, trapped, and cooled, along with its relatively simple atomic structure have made it the subject of specialized spectroscopy experiments.

These experiments have led to more specific information regarding energy levels and the coupling constants between subatomic particles. As early as , chemists thought that there should be an alkali metal beyond caesium , with an atomic number of Russian chemist D.

Dobroserdov was the first scientist to claim to have found eka-caesium, or francium. In , he observed weak radioactivity in a sample of potassium , another alkali metal, and concluded that eka-caesium was contaminating the sample. The following year, English chemists Gerald J. Druce and Frederick H. Loring analyzed X-ray photographs of manganese II sulfate.

They announced their discovery of element 87 and proposed the name alkalinium , as it would be the heaviest alkali metal. In , Fred Allison of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute claimed to have discovered element 87 when analyzing pollucite and lepidolite using his magneto-optical machine. Allison requested that it be named virginium after his home state of Virginia, along with the symbols Vi and Vm. MacPherson of UC Berkeley disproved the effectiveness of Allison's device and the validity of this false discovery.

In , Romanian chemist Horia Hulubei and his French colleague Yvette Cauchois also analyzed pollucite, this time using their high-resolution X-ray apparatus. Hulubei and Cauchois reported their discovery and proposed the name moldavium , along with the symbol Ml, after Moldavia, the Romanian province where they conducted their work. Hirsh Jr. Hirsh was certain that eka-caesium would not be found in nature, and that Hulubei had instead observed mercury or bismuth X-ray lines.

Hulubei, however, insisted that his X-ray apparatus and methods were too accurate to make such a mistake. Because of this, Jean Baptiste Perrin, Nobel Prize winner and Hulubei's mentor, endorsed moldavium as the true eka-caesium over Marguerite Perey 's recently discovered francium.

Perey, however, continuously criticized Hulubei's work until she was credited as the sole discoverer of element Eka-caesium was truly discovered in by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, France when she purified a sample of actinium which had been reported to have a decay energy of keV. However, Perey noticed decay particles with an energy level below 80 keV.

Perey thought this decay activity might have been caused by a previously unidentified decay product, one which was separated during purification, but emerged again out of the pure actinium Various tests eliminated the possibility of the unknown element being thorium , radium, lead , bismuth, or thallium. The new product exhibited chemical properties of an alkali metal such as coprecipitating with caesium salts , which led Perey to believe that it was element 87, caused by the alpha decay of actinium Her first test put the alpha branching at 0.

Perey named the new isotope actinium-K now referred to as francium [19] and in , she proposed the name catium for her newly discovered element, as she believed it to be the most electropositive cation of the elements. This name was officially adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in , [4] becoming the second element after gallium to be named after France. It was assigned the symbol Fa, but this abbreviation was revised to the current Fr shortly thereafter.

Francium is the result of the alpha decay of actinium and can be found in trace amounts in uranium and thorium minerals. This process, developed by Stony Brook Physics, yields francium isotopes with masses of , , and , [29] which are then isolated by the magneto-optic trap MOT.

There are 34 known isotopes of francium ranging in atomic mass from to Francium is the most stable isotope with a half-life of Francium has a half-life of 4.

The least stable ground state isotope is francium, with a half-life of 0. Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope. My watch list my. My watch list My saved searches My saved topics My newsletter Register free of charge. Keep logged in. Cookies deactivated. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. Login Register. Home Encyclopedia Francium Francium.

Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table. Additional recommended knowledge. Main article: Isotopes of francium. Retrieved on Electron Configuration.